In Family Medicine
Training
Complications
Outcomes & Post Abortion Issues
Methotrexate Regimens
Misoprostol Regimens
Mifepristone and Combined Regimens
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Medication Abortion and Family Medicine
1. Gold M. Abortion training in family medicine. Fam Med. Apr 1996;28(4):287-288.
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2. Gold M, Luks D, Anderson MR. Medical options for early pregnancy termination. Am Fam Physician. Aug 1997;56(2):533-538.
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3. Leeman L, Espey E. "You can't do that 'round here": a case study of the introduction of medical abortion care at a University Medical Center. Contraception. Feb 2005;71(2):84-88.
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4. Lesnewski R, Prine L, Gold M. New research abortion training as an integral part of residency training. Fam Med. Jun 2003;35(6):386-387.
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5. Nothnagle M, Taylor JS. Medical methods for first-trimester abortion. Am Fam Physician. Jul 1 2004;70(1):81-83.
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6. Prine L, Lesnewski R, Berley N, Gold M., Medical Abortion In Family Practice: A Case Series, J Am Board Fam Pract. 2003 Jul-Aug;16(4):290-5.PMID: 12949029
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7. Prine L, Lesnewski R, Bregman R., Integrating Medical Abortion Into A Residency Practice, Fam Med. 2003 Jul-Aug;35(7):469-71.PMID: 12861455
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8. Prine LW, Lesnewski R. Medication abortion and family physicians' scope of practice. J Am Board Fam Pract. Jul-Aug 2005;18(4):304-306.
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9. Raymond E, Kaczorowski J, Smith P, Sellors J, Walsh A. Medical abortion and family physicians. Survey of residents and practitioners in two Ontario settings. Can Fam Physician. Mar 2002;48:538-544.
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10. Schaff EA, Eisinger SH, Franks P, Kim SS. Combined methotrexate and misoprostol for early induced abortion. Arch Fam Med. Sep 1995;4(9):774-779.
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11. Schaff EA, Eisinger SH, Franks P, Kim SS. Methotrexate and misoprostol for early abortion. Fam Med. Mar 1996;28(3):198-203.
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12. Schaff EA, Stadalius LS, Eisinger SH, Franks P. Vaginal misoprostol administered at home after mifepristone (RU486) for abortion. J Fam Pract. Apr 1997;44(4):353-360.
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13. Winikoff B, Ellertson C, Elul B, Sivin I. Acceptability and feasibility of early pregnancy termination by mifepristone-misoprostol. Results of a large multicenter trial in the United States. Mifepristone Clinical Trials Group. Arch Fam Med. Jul-Aug 1998;7(4):360-366.
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Medication Abortion Training
1. Acharya G, Haugen M, Brathen A, Nilsen I, Maltau JM. Role of routine ultrasonography in monitoring the outcome of medical abortion in a clinical setting. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. Apr 2004;83(4):390-394.
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2. Ellertson C, Elul B, Ambardekar S, Wood L, Carroll J, Coyaji K. Accuracy of assessment of pregnancy duration by women seeking early abortions. Lancet. Mar 11 2000;355(9207):877-881.
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3. Gold M. Abortion training in family medicine. Fam Med. Apr 1996;28(4):287-288.
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4. Grimes DA, Creinin MD. Induced abortion: an overview for internists. Ann Intern Med. Apr 20 2004;140(8):620-626.
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5. Hwang AC, Koyama A, Taylor D, Henderson JT, Miller S. Advanced practice clinicians' interest in providing medical abortion: results of a California survey. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. Jun 2005;37(2):92-97.
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6. Joffe C. Medical abortion and the potential for new abortion providers: a cautionary tale. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000;55(3 Suppl):151-154.
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7. Leeman L, Espey E. "You can't do that 'round here": a case study of the introduction of medical abortion care at a University Medical Center. Contraception. Feb 2005;71(2):84-88.
Link to PubMed
8. Lesnewski R, Prine L, Gold M. New research abortion training as an integral part of residency training. Fam Med. Jun 2003;35(6):386-387.
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9. Narrigan D. Early abortion. Update and implications for midwifery practice. J Nurse Midwifery. Nov-Dec 1998;43(6):492-501.
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10. Paul M, Schaff E, Nichols M. The roles of clinical assessment, human chorionic gonadotropin assays, and ultrasonography in medical abortion practice. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Aug 2000;183(2 Suppl):S34-43.
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11. Raymond E, Kaczorowski J, Smith P, Sellors J, Walsh A. Medical abortion and family physicians. Survey of residents and practitioners in two Ontario settings. Can Fam Physician. Mar 2002;48:538-544.
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12. Schwarz EB, Luetkemeyer A, Foster DG, Weitz TA, Lindes D, Stewart FH. Willing and able? Provision of medication for abortion by future internists. Womens Health Issues. Jan-Feb 2005;15(1):39-44.
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13. Shotorbani S, Zimmerman FJ, Bell JF, Ward D, Assefi N. Attitudes and intentions of future health care providers toward abortion provision. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. Mar-Apr 2004;36(2):58-63.
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14. Stewart FH, Darney PD. Abortion: teaching why as well as how. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. Jan-Feb 2003;35(1):37-39.
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15. Suhonen S, Heikinheimo O, Tikka M, Haukkamaa M. The learning curve is rapid in medical termination of pregnancy--first-year results from the Helsinki area. Contraception. Mar 2003;67(3):223-227.
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Medication Abortion Complications
1. Clostridium sordellii toxic shock syndrome after medical abortion with mifepristone and intravaginal misoprostol--United States and Canada, 2001-2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Jul 29 2005;54(29):724.
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2. Severe Clostridium difficile-associated disease in populations previously at low risk--four states, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Dec 2 2005;54(47):1201-1205.
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3. Adam MP, Manning MA, Beck AE, et al. Methotrexate/misoprostol embryopathy: report of four cases resulting from failed medical abortion. Am J Med Genet A. Nov 15 2003;123(1):72-78.
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4. Fischer M, Bhatnagar J, Guarner J, et al. Fatal toxic shock syndrome associated with Clostridium sordellii after medical abortion. N Engl J Med. Dec 1 2005;353(22):2352-2360.
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5. Kruse B, Poppema S, Creinin MD, Paul M. Management of side effects and complications in medical abortion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Aug 2000;183(2 Suppl):S65-75.
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6. Lichtenberg ES. Gestational trophoblastic tumor after medical abortion. Obstet Gynecol. May 2003;101(5 Pt 2):1137-1139.
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7. Miech RP. Pathophysiology of mifepristone-induced septic shock due to Clostridium sordellii. Ann Pharmacother. Sep 2005;39(9):1483-1488.
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8. Nemec DK, Prendergast TJ, Jr., Trumbower WD. Medical abortion complications. An epidemiologic study at a mid-Missouri clinic. Obstet Gynecol. Apr 1978;51(4):433-436.
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9. Prasad RN, Choolani M, Roy A, Ratnam SS. Blood loss in termination of early pregnancy with mifepristone and gemeprost. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. Aug 1995;35(3):329-331.
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10. Rorbye C, Norgaard M, Nilas L. Medical versus surgical abortion efficacy, complications and leave of absence compared in a partly randomized study. Contraception. Nov 2004;70(5):393-399.
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11. Rorbye C, Norgaard M, Vestermark V, Nilas L. Medical abortion. defining success and categorizing failures. Contraception. Oct 2003;68(4):247-251.
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12. Shannon C, Brothers LP, Philip NM, Winikoff B. Infection after medical abortion: a review of the literature. Contraception. Sep 2004;70(3):183-190.
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13. Shannon C, Brothers LP, Philip NM, Winikoff B. Ectopic pregnancy and medical abortion. Obstet Gynecol. Jul 2004;104(1):161-167.
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14. Sorensen EC, Iversen OE, Bjorge L. Failed medical termination of twin pregnancy with mifepristone: a case report. Contraception. Mar 2005;71(3):231-233.
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15. Winikoff B, Ellertson C, Clark S. Analysis of failure in medical abortion. Contraception. Dec 1996;54(6):323-327.
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Medication Abortion Outcomes and Post Abortion Issues
1. Abdel-Aziz E, Hassan IM, Al-Taher H. Assessment of women's satisfaction with medical termination of pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol. Jun 2004;24(4):429-433.
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2. Adam MP, Manning MA, Beck AE, et al. Methotrexate/misoprostol embryopathy: report of four cases resulting from failed medical abortion. Am J Med Genet A. Nov 15 2003;123(1):72-78.
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3. Allen RH, Westhoff C, De Nonno L, Fielding SL, Schaff EA. Curettage after mifepristone-induced abortion: frequency, timing, and indications. Obstet Gynecol. Jul 2001;98(1):101-106.
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4. Arvidsson C, Hellborg M, Gemzell-Danielsson K. Preference and acceptability of oral versus vaginal administration of misoprostol in medical abortion with mifepristone. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. Nov 1 2005;123(1):87-91.
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5. Clark S, Ellertson C, Winikoff B. Is medical abortion acceptable to all American women: the impact of sociodemographic characteristics on the acceptability of mifepristone-misoprostol abortion. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000;55(3 Suppl):177-182.
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6. Creinin MD. Randomized comparison of efficacy, acceptability and cost of medical versus surgical abortion. Contraception. Sep 2000;62(3):117-124.
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7. Creinin MD, Spitz IM. Use of various ultrasonographic criteria to evaluate the efficacy of mifepristone and misoprostol for medical abortion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Dec 1999;181(6):1419-1424.
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8. Davis A, Westhoff C, De Nonno L. Bleeding patterns after early abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol or manual vacuum aspiration. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000;55(3 Suppl):141-144.
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9. De Nonno LJ, Westhoff C, Fielding S, Schaff E. Timing of pain and bleeding after mifepristone-induced abortion. Contraception. Dec 2000;62(6):305-309.
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10. Fiala C, Safar P, Bygdeman M, Gemzell-Danielsson K. Verifying the effectiveness of medical abortion; ultrasound versus hCG testing. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. Aug 15 2003;109(2):190-195.
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11. Grossman D, Ellertson C, Grimes DA, Walker D. Routine follow-up visits after first-trimester induced abortion. Obstet Gynecol. Apr 2004;103(4):738-745.
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12. Hamoda H, Ashok PW, Flett GM, Templeton A. Medical abortion at 9-13 weeks' gestation: a review of 1076 consecutive cases. Contraception. May 2005;71(5):327-332.
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13. Harvey SM, Beckman LJ, Satre SJ. Experiences and satisfaction with providing methotrexate-induced abortions among US providers. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000;55(3 Suppl):161-163.
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14. Harvey SM, Beckman LJ, Satre SJ. Choice of and satisfaction with methods of medical and surgical abortion among U.S. clinic patients. Fam Plann Perspect. Sep-Oct 2001;33(5):212-216.
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15. Hedley A, Ellertson C, Trussell J, et al. Accounting for time: insights from a life-table analysis of the efficacy of medical abortion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Dec 2004;191(6):1928-1933.
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16. Hedley A, Trussell J, Turner AN, et al. Differences in efficacy, differences in providers: results from a hazard analysis of medical abortion. Contraception. Feb 2004;69(2):157-163.
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17. Henshaw R, Naji S, Russell I, Templeton A. Psychological responses following medical abortion (using mifepristone and gemeprost) and surgical vacuum aspiration. A patient-centered, partially randomised prospective study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. Nov 1994;73(10):812-818.
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18. Maaita ME, Prasarman C, Smith J, Neale EJ. Women's satisfaction with medical termination. Br J Fam Plann. Apr 1999;25(1):9-11.
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19. Mamers PM, Lavelle AL, Evans AJ, Bell SM, Rusden JR, Healy DL. Women's satisfaction with medical abortion with RU486. Med J Aust. Sep 15 1997;167(6):316-317.
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20. Newhall EP, Winikoff B. Abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol: regimens, efficacy, acceptability and future directions. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Aug 2000;183(2 Suppl):S44-53.
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21. Rogo K. Improving technologies to reduce abortion-related morbidity and mortality. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. Jun 2004;85 Suppl 1:S73-82.
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22. Rorbye C, Norgaard M, Nilas L. Medical versus surgical abortion efficacy, complications and leave of absence compared in a partly randomized study. Contraception. Nov 2004;70(5):393-399.
Link to PubMed
23. Rorbye C, Norgaard M, Vestermark V, Nilas L. Medical abortion. defining success and categorizing failures. Contraception. Oct 2003;68(4):247-251.
Link to PubMed
24. Rossi B, Creinin MD, Meyn LA. Ability of the clinician and patient to predict the outcome of mifepristone and misoprostol medical abortion. Contraception. Oct 2004;70(4):313-317.
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25. Shannon C, Brothers LP, Philip NM, Winikoff B. Infection after medical abortion: a review of the literature. Contraception. Sep 2004;70(3):183-190.
Link to PubMed
26. Sorensen EC, Iversen OE, Bjorge L. Failed medical termination of twin pregnancy with mifepristone: a case report. Contraception. Mar 2005;71(3):231-233.
Link to PubMed
27. Tang OS, Gao PP, Cheng L, Lee SW, Ho PC. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study to assess the effect of oral contraceptive pills on the outcome of medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol. Hum Reprod. Mar 1999;14(3):722-725.
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28. Tang OS, Xu J, Cheng L, Lee SW, Ho PC. The effect of contraceptive pills on the measured blood loss in medical termination of pregnancy by mifepristone and misoprostol: a randomized placebo controlled trial. Hum Reprod. Jan 2002;17(1):99-102.
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29. Trussell J, Ellertson C. Estimating the efficacy of medical abortion. Contraception. Sep 1999;60(3):119-135.
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30. Virgo KS, Carr TR, Hile A, Virgo JM, Sullivan GM, Kaikati JG. Medical versus surgical abortion: a survey of knowledge and attitudes among abortion clinic patients. Womens Health Issues. May-Jun 1999;9(3):143-154.
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31. Westhoff C, Dasmahapatra R, Winikoff B, Clarke S. Predictors of analgesia use during supervised medical abortion. The Mifepristone Clinical Trials Group. Contraception. Mar 2000;61(3):225-229.
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32. Winikoff B, Ellertson C, Clark S. Analysis of failure in medical abortion. Contraception. Dec 1996;54(6):323-327.
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Methotrexate Regimens
1. Studies continue in methotrexate use. Contracept Technol Update. Sep 1998;19(9):114, 119.
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2. Beckman LJ, Harvey SM, Satre SJ. The delivery of medical abortion services: the views of experienced providers. Womens Health Issues. Mar-Apr 2002;12(2):103-112.
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3. Borgatta L, Burnhill M, Haskell S, Nichols M, Leonhardt K. Instituting medical abortion services: changes in outcome and acceptability related to provider experience. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000;55(3 Suppl):173-176.
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4. Borgatta L, Burnhill MS, Tyson J, Leonhardt KK, Hausknecht RU, Haskell S. Early medical abortion with methotrexate and misoprostol. Obstet Gynecol. Jan 2001;97(1):11-16.
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5. Borgatta L, French A, Vragovic O, Burnhill M. Early medical abortion with methotrexate. Outcome and satisfaction among women aged 15-20 years. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. May 2000;13(2):87-88.
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6. Borgatta L, French A, Vragovic O, Burnhill MS. Early medical abortion with methotrexate and misoprostol: outcomes and satisfaction among women aged 15-21 years. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. Feb 2001;14(1):9-16.
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7. Carbonell JL, Rodriguez J, Aragon S, et al. Vaginal misoprostol 1000 microg for early abortion. Contraception. Mar 2001;63(3):131-136.
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8. Carbonell JL, Velazco A, Varela L, et al. Misoprostol for abortion at 9-12 weeks' gestation in adolescents. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. Mar 2001;6(1):39-45.
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9. Creinin MD. Methotrexate and misoprostol for abortion at 57-63 days gestation. Contraception. Dec 1994;50(6):511-515.
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10. Creinin MD. Change in serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin after abortion with methotrexate and misoprostol. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Feb 1996;174(2):776-778.
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11. Creinin MD. Medical abortion with methotrexate 75 mg intramuscularly and vaginal misoprostol. Contraception. Dec 1997;56(6):367-371.
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12. Creinin MD. Conception rates after abortion with methotrexate and misoprostol. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. May 1999;65(2):183-188.
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13. Creinin MD. Medical abortion regimens: historical context and overview. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Aug 2000;183(2 Suppl):S3-9.
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14. Creinin MD, Burke AE. Methotrexate and misoprostol for early abortion: a multicenter trial. Acceptability. Contraception. Jul 1996;54(1):19-22.
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15. Creinin MD, Carbonell JL, Schwartz JL, Varela L, Tanda R. A randomized trial of the effect of moistening misoprostol before vaginal administration when used with methotrexate for abortion. Contraception. Jan 1999;59(1):11-16.
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16. Creinin MD, Jerald H. Success rates and estimation of gestational age for medical abortion vary with transvaginal ultrasonographic criteria. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Jan 1999;180(1 Pt 1):35-41.
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17. Creinin MD, Park M. Acceptability of medical abortion with methotrexate and misoprostol. Contraception. Jul 1995;52(1):41-44.
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18. Creinin MD, Potter C, Holovanisin M, et al. Mifepristone and misoprostol and methotrexate/misoprostol in clinical practice for abortion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Mar 2003;188(3):664-669.
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19. Creinin MD, Pymar HC. Medical abortion alternatives to mifepristone. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000;55(3 Suppl):127-132, 150.
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20. Creinin MD, Vittinghoff E. Methotrexate and misoprostol vs misoprostol alone for early abortion. A randomized controlled trial. Jama. Oct 19 1994;272(15):1190-1195.
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21. Creinin MD, Vittinghoff E, Galbraith S, Klaisle C. A randomized trial comparing misoprostol three and seven days after methotrexate for early abortion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Nov 1995;173(5):1578-1584.
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22. Creinin MD, Vittinghoff E, Keder L, Darney PD, Tiller G. Methotrexate and misoprostol for early abortion: a multicenter trial. I. Safety and efficacy. Contraception. Jun 1996;53(6):321-327.
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23. Creinin MD, Vittinghoff E, Schaff E, Klaisle C, Darney PD, Dean C. Medical abortion with oral methotrexate and vaginal misoprostol. Obstet Gynecol. Oct 1997;90(4 Pt 1):611-616.
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24. Creinin MD, Wiebe E, Gold M. Methotrexate and misoprostol for early abortion in adolescent women. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. May 1999;12(2):71-77.
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25. Koenig JD, Tapias MP, Hoff T, Stewart FH. Are US health professionals likely to prescribe mifepristone or methotrexate? J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000;55(3 Suppl):155-160.
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26. Kulier R, Gulmezoglu AM, Hofmeyr GJ, Cheng LN, Campana A. Medical methods for first trimester abortion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004(2):CD002855.
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27. Kulier R, Gulmezoglu AM, Hofmeyr GJ, Cheng LN, Campana A. Medical methods for first trimester abortion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004(1):CD002855.
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28. Ozeren M, Bilekli C, Aydemir V, Bozkaya H. Methotrexate and misoprostol used alone or in combination for early abortion. Contraception. Jun 1999;59(6):389-394.
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29. Ozeren S, Corakci A, Yucesoy I, Mercan R, Arslan A, Erhan G. Efficacy of methotrexate and misoprostol for early abortion. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1997;44(2):112-114.
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30. Pymar HC, Creinin MD. Alternatives to mifepristone regimens for medical abortion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Aug 2000;183(2 Suppl):S54-64.
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31. Schaff EA, Eisinger SH, Franks P, Kim SS. Methotrexate and misoprostol for early abortion. Fam Med. Mar 1996;28(3):198-203.
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32. Schaff EA, Eisinger SH, Stadalius LS. Weighing The Options In Medical Abortion. Medscape Womens Health. Sep 1997;2(9):1.
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33. Schaff EA, Penmetsa U, Eisinger SH, Franks P. Methotrexate. A single agent for early abortion. J Reprod Med. Jan 1997;42(1):56-60.
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34. von Hertzen H. Research on regimens for early medical abortion. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000;55(3 Suppl):133-136, 150.
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35. Wiebe ER. Abortion induced with methotrexate and misoprostol: a comparison of various protocols. Contraception. Mar 1997;55(3):159-163.
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36. Wiebe ER. Choosing between surgical abortions and medical abortions induced with methotrexate and misoprostol. Contraception. Feb 1997;55(2):67-71.
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37. Wiebe ER. Tamoxifen compared to methotrexate when used with misoprostol for abortion. Contraception. Apr 1999;59(4):265-270.
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Misoprostol Alone Regimens
1. Billings DL. Misoprostol alone for early medical abortion in a Latin American clinic setting. Reprod Health Matters. Nov 2004;12(24 Suppl):57-64.
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2. Blanchard K, Shochet T, Coyaji K, Thi Nhu Ngoc N, Winikoff B. Misoprostol alone for early abortion: an evaluation of seven potential regimens. Contraception. Aug 2005;72(2):91-97.
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3. Blanchard K, Winikoff B, Coyaji K, Nguyen TN. Misoprostol alone--a new method of medical abortion? J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000;55(3 Suppl):189-190.
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4. Blanchard K, Winikoff B, Ellertson C. Misoprostol used alone for the termination of early pregnancy. A review of the evidence. Contraception. Apr 1999;59(4):209-217.
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5. Borgatta L, Mullally B, Vragovic O, Gittinger E, Chen A. Misoprostol as the primary agent for medical abortion in a low-income urban setting. Contraception. Aug 2004;70(2):121-126.
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6. Carbonell JL, Rodriguez J, Aragon S, et al. Vaginal misoprostol 1000 microg for early abortion. Contraception. Mar 2001;63(3):131-136.
Link to PubMed
7. Carbonell JL, Velazco A, Varela L, et al. Misoprostol for abortion at 9-12 weeks' gestation in adolescents. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. Mar 2001;6(1):39-45.
Link to PubMed
8. Creinin MD, Moyer R, Guido R. Misoprostol for medical evacuation of early pregnancy failure. Obstet Gynecol. May 1997;89(5 Pt 1):768-772.
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9. Creinin MD, Shore E, Balasubramanian S, Harwood B. The true cost differential between mifepristone and misoprostol and misoprostol-alone regimens for medical abortion. Contraception. Jan 2005;71(1):26-30.
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10. Jain JK, Dutton C, Harwood B, Meckstroth KR, Mishell DR, Jr. A prospective randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial comparing mifepristone and vaginal misoprostol to vaginal misoprostol alone for elective termination of early pregnancy. Hum Reprod. Jun 2002;17(6):1477-1482.
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11. Jones MM, Fraser K. Misoprostol and attempted self-induction of abortion. J R Soc Med. Apr 1998;91(4):204-205.
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12. Kulier R, Gulmezoglu AM, Hofmeyr GJ, Cheng LN, Campana A. Medical methods for first trimester abortion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004(2):CD002855.
Link to PubMed
13. Kulier R, Gulmezoglu AM, Hofmeyr GJ, Cheng LN, Campana A. Medical methods for first trimester abortion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004(1):CD002855.
Link to PubMed
14. Meckstroth KR, Darney PD. Prostaglandins for first-trimester termination. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. Oct 2003;17(5):745-763.
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15. Ngai SW, Tang OS, Chan YM, Ho PC. Vaginal misoprostol alone for medical abortion up to 9 weeks of gestation: efficacy and acceptability. Hum Reprod. May 2000;15(5):1159-1162.
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16. Pymar HC, Creinin MD. Alternatives to mifepristone regimens for medical abortion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Aug 2000;183(2 Suppl):S54-64.
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17. Rosing MA, Archbald CD. The knowledge, acceptability, and use of misoprostol for self-induced medical abortion in an urban US population. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000;55(3 Suppl):183-185.
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18. Say L, Kulier R, Gulmezoglu M, Campana A. Medical versus surgical methods for first trimester termination of pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002(4):CD003037.
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19. Say L, Kulier R, Gulmezoglu M, Campana A. Medical versus surgical methods for first trimester termination of pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005(1):CD003037.
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20. Singh K, Fong YF, Dong F. A viable alternative to surgical vacuum aspiration: repeated doses of intravaginal misoprostol over 9 hours for medical termination of pregnancies up to eight weeks. Bjog. Feb 2003;110(2):175-180.
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21. Velazco A, Varela L, Tanda R, et al. Misoprostol for abortion up to 9 weeks' gestation in adolescents. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. Dec 2000;5(4):227-233.
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22. von Hertzen H. Research on regimens for early medical abortion. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000;55(3 Suppl):133-136, 150.
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23. Zikopoulos KA, Papanikolaou EG, Kalantaridou SN, et al. Early pregnancy termination with vaginal misoprostol before and after 42 days gestation. Hum Reprod. Dec 2002;17(12):3079-3083.
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Mifepristone Regimens
1. Termination of pregnancy with reduced doses of mifepristone. World Health Organisation Task Force on Post-ovulatory Methods of Fertility Regulation. Bmj. Aug 28 1993;307(6903):532-537.
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2. Comparison of two doses of mifepristone in combination with misoprostol for early medical abortion: a randomised trial. World Health Organisation Task Force on Post-ovulatory Methods of Fertility Regulation. Bjog. Apr 2000;107(4):524-530.
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3. Medical abortion at 57 to 63 days' gestation with a lower dose of mifepristone and gemeprost. A randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. May 2001;80(5):447-451.
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4. Lowering the doses of mifepristone and gameprost for early abortion: a randomised controlled trial. World Health Organization Task Force on Post-ovulatory Methods for Fertility Regulation. Bjog. Jul 2001;108(7):738-742.
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5. Ashima T, Vinita A, Shalini R. Early medical abortion: a new regimen up to 49 days' gestation. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. Apr 2005;45(2):137-139.
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6. Ashok PW, Penney GC, Flett GM, Templeton A. An effective regimen for early medical abortion: a report of 2000 consecutive cases. Hum Reprod. Oct 1998;13(1O):2962-2965.
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7. Ashok PW, Templeton A, Wagaarachchi PT, Flett GM. Factors affecting the outcome of early medical abortion: a review of 4132 consecutive cases. Bjog. Nov 2002;109(11):1281-1289.
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8. Baird DT. Medical abortion in the first trimester. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. Apr 2002;16(2):221-236.
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9. Bartley J, Brown A, Elton R, Baird DT. Double-blind randomized trial of mifepristone in combination with vaginal gemeprost or misoprostol for induction of abortion up to 63 days gestation. Hum Reprod. Oct 2001;16(10):2098-2102.
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10. Beal MW, Simmonds K. Clinical uses of mifepristone: an update for women's health practitioners. J Midwifery Womens Health. Nov-Dec 2002;47(6):451-460.
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11. Creinin MD, Shore E, Balasubramanian S, Harwood B. The true cost differential between mifepristone and misoprostol and misoprostol-alone regimens for medical abortion. Contraception. Jan 2005;71(1):26-30.
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12. Ellertson C, Simonds W, Winikoff B, Springer K, Bagchi D. Providing mifepristone-misoprostol medical abortion: the view from the clinic. J Am Med Womens Assoc. Spring 1999;54(2):91-96.
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13. Ellertson C, Waldman SN. The mifepristone-misoprostol regimen for early medical abortion. Curr Womens Health Rep. Dec 2001;1(3):184-190.
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14. Ferriman A. Medical abortion still not available in most countries. Bmj. Oct 23 1999;319(7217):1091.
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15. Fiala C, Winikoff B, Helstrom L, Hellborg M, Gemzell-Danielsson K. Acceptability of home-use of misoprostol in medical abortion. Contraception. Nov 2004;70(5):387-392.
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16. Fielding SL, Schaff EA, Nam NY. Clinicians' perception of sonogram indication for mifepristone abortion up to 63 days. Contraception. Jul 2002;66(1):27-31.
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17. Gemperli MP, Stewart FH, Phillips KA, Sakowski J, Van Bebber S, Bergthold L. A qualitative study of insurers' coverage for mifepristone-induced abortion. Manag Care Interface. Mar 2005;18(3):26-30, 32.
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18. Goldberg JR, Plescia MG, Anastasio GD. Mifepristone (RU 486): current knowledge and future prospects. Arch Fam Med. May-Jun 1998;7(3):219-222.
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19. Grimes DA. Medical abortion in early pregnancy: a review of the evidence. Obstet Gynecol. May 1997;89(5 Pt 1):790-796.
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20. Guest J, Chien P, Thomson M, Kosseim ML. Randomised controlled trial comparing efficacy of same day administration of mifepristone and misoprostol for termination of pregnancy with the standard 36- to 48-hour protocol. Bjog. Oct 2005;112(10):1457.
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21. Hamoda H, Ashok PW, Flett GM, Templeton A. A randomised controlled trial of mifepristone in combination with misoprostol administered sublingually or vaginally for medical abortion up to 13 weeks of gestation. Bjog. Aug 2005;112(8):1102-1108.
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22. Hamoda H, Critchley HO, Paterson K, Guthrie K, Rodger M, Penney GC. The acceptability of home medical abortion to women in UK settings. Bjog. Jun 2005;112(6):781-785.
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23. Harper C, Ellertson C, Winikoff B. Could American women use mifepristone-misoprostol pills safely with less medical supervision? Contraception. Feb 2002;65(2):133-142.
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24. Harper C, Winikoff B, Ellertson C, Coyaji K. Blood loss with mifepristone--misoprostol abortion: measures from a trial in China, Cuba and India. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. Oct 1998;63(1):39-49.
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25. Harvey SM, Beckman LJ, Satre SJ. Experiences and satisfaction with providing methotrexate-induced abortions among US providers. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000;55(3 Suppl):161-163.
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26. Hausknecht R. Mifepristone and misoprostol for early medical abortion: 18 months experience in the United States. Contraception. Jun 2003;67(6):463-465.
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27. Hedley A, Ellertson C, Trussell J, et al. Accounting for time: insights from a life-table analysis of the efficacy of medical abortion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Dec 2004;191(6):1928-1933.
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28. Hedley A, Trussell J, Turner AN, et al. Differences in efficacy, differences in providers: results from a hazard analysis of medical abortion. Contraception. Feb 2004;69(2):157-163.
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29. Henshaw RC, Naji SA, Russell IT, Templeton AA. Comparison of medical abortion with surgical vacuum aspiration: women's preferences and acceptability of treatment. Bmj. Sep 18 1993;307(6906):714-717.
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30. Henshaw RC, Naji SA, Russell IT, Templeton AA. A comparison of medical abortion (using mifepristone and gemeprost) with surgical vacuum aspiration: efficacy and early medical sequelae. Hum Reprod. Nov 1994;9(11):2167-2172.
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31. Holmgren K. Women's evaluation of three early abortion methods. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. Dec 1992;71(8):616-623.
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32. Honkanen H, Piaggio G, Hertzen H, et al. WHO multinational study of three misoprostol regimens after mifepristone for early medical abortion. Bjog. Jul 2004;111(7):715-725.
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33. Howie FL, Henshaw RC, Naji SA, Russell IT, Templeton AA. Medical abortion or vacuum aspiration? Two year follow up of a patient preference trial. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. Jul 1997;104(7):829-833.
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34. Jain JK, Dutton C, Harwood B, Meckstroth KR, Mishell DR, Jr. A prospective randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial comparing mifepristone and vaginal misoprostol to vaginal misoprostol alone for elective termination of early pregnancy. Hum Reprod. Jun 2002;17(6):1477-1482.
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35. Jones RK, Henshaw SK. Mifepristone for early medical abortion: experiences in France, Great Britain and Sweden. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. May-Jun 2002;34(3):154-161.
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36. Kahn JG, Becker BJ, MacIsaa L, et al. The efficacy of medical abortion: a meta-analysis. Contraception. Jan 2000;61(1):29-40.
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37. Knudsen UB. First trimester abortion with mifepristone and vaginal misoprostol. Contraception. May 2001;63(5):247-250.
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38. Koenig JD, Tapias MP, Hoff T, Stewart FH. Are US health professionals likely to prescribe mifepristone or methotrexate? J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000;55(3 Suppl):155-160.
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39. Kulier R, Gulmezoglu AM, Hofmeyr GJ, Cheng LN, Campana A. Medical methods for first trimester abortion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004(2):CD002855.
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40. Kulier R, Gulmezoglu AM, Hofmeyr GJ, Cheng LN, Campana A. Medical methods for first trimester abortion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004(1):CD002855.
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41. Liao AH, Han XJ, Wu SY, Xiao D, Xiong CL, Wu XR. Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of mifepristone in capsule versus tablet form followed by misoprostol for early medical abortion. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. Oct 15 2004;116(2):211-216.
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42. Mackenzie SJ, Yeo S. Pregnancy interruption using mifepristone (RU-486). A new choice for women in the USA. J Nurse Midwifery. Mar-Apr 1997;42(2):86-90.
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43. Mamers PM, Lavelle AL, Evans AJ, Bell SM, Rusden JR, Healy DL. Women's satisfaction with medical abortion with RU486. Med J Aust. Sep 15 1997;167(6):316-317.
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44. Martin CW, Brown AH, Baird DT. A pilot study of the effect of methotrexate or combined oral contraceptive on bleeding patterns after induction of abortion with mifepristone and a prostaglandin pessary. Contraception. Aug 1998;58(2):99-103.
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45. McKinley C, Thong KJ, Baird DT. The effect of dose of mifepristone and gestation on the efficacy of medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol. Hum Reprod. Sep 1993;8(9):1502-1505.
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46. Meckstroth KR, Darney PD. Prostaglandins for first-trimester termination. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. Oct 2003;17(5):745-763.
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47. Mittal S, Agarwal S, Kumar S, Batra A. Comparison or oral versus vaginal misoprostol & continued use of misoprostol after mifepristone for early medical abortion. Indian J Med Res. Aug 2005;122(2):132-136.
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48. Murthy AS, Creinin MD, Harwood B, Schreiber C. A pilot study of mifepristone and misoprostol administered at the same time for abortion up to 49 days gestation. Contraception. May 2005;71(5):333-336.
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49. Newhall EP, Winikoff B. Abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol: regimens, efficacy, acceptability and future directions. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Aug 2000;183(2 Suppl):S44-53.
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50. Norman JE, Thong KJ, Rodger MW, Baird DT. Medical abortion in women of less than or equal to 56 days amenorrhoea: a comparison between gemeprost (a PGE1 analogue) alone and mifepristone and gemeprost. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. Jul 1992;99(7):601-606.
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51. Paul M, Schaff E, Nichols M. The roles of clinical assessment, human chorionic gonadotropin assays, and ultrasonography in medical abortion practice. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Aug 2000;183(2 Suppl):S34-43.
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52. Phelps RH, Schaff EA, Fielding SL. Mifepristone abortion in minors. Contraception. Dec 2001;64(6):339-343.
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53. Prasad RN, Choolani M, Roy A, Ratnam SS. Blood loss in termination of early pregnancy with mifepristone and gemeprost. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. Aug 1995;35(3):329-331.
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54. Rademakers J, Koster E, Jansen-van Hees AC, Willems F. Medical abortion as an alternative to vacuum aspiration: first experiences with the 'abortion pill' in The Netherlands. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. Dec 2001;6(4):185-191.
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55. Ravn P, Rasmussen A, Knudsen UB, Kristiansen FV. An outpatient regimen of combined oral mifepristone 400 mg and misoprostol 400 microg for first-trimester legal medical abortion. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. Nov 2005;84(11):1098-1102.
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56. Rossi B, Creinin MD, Meyn LA. Ability of the clinician and patient to predict the outcome of mifepristone and misoprostol medical abortion. Contraception. Oct 2004;70(4):313-317.
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58. Schaff EA, DiCenzo R, Fielding SL. Comparison of misoprostol plasma concentrations following buccal and sublingual administration. Contraception. Jan 2005;71(1):22-25.
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59. Schaff EA, Eisinger SH, Stadalius LS. Weighing The Options In Medical Abortion. Medscape Womens Health. Sep 1997;2(9):1.
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60. Schaff EA, Eisinger SH, Stadalius LS, Franks P, Gore BZ, Poppema S. Low-dose mifepristone 200 mg and vaginal misoprostol for abortion. Contraception. Jan 1999;59(1):1-6.
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61. Schaff EA, Fielding SL. A comparison of the Abortion Rights Mobilization and Population Council trials. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2000;55(3 Suppl):137-140.
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62. Schaff EA, Fielding SL, Eisinger SH, Stadalius LS, Fuller L. Low-dose mifepristone followed by vaginal misoprostol at 48 hours for abortion up to 63 days. Contraception. Jan 2000;61(1):41-46.
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63. Schaff EA, Fielding SL, Westhoff C. Randomized trial of oral versus vaginal misoprostol at one day after mifepristone for early medical abortion. Contraception. Aug 2001;64(2):81-85.
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68. Shannon CS, Winikoff B, Hausknecht R, et al. Multicenter trial of a simplified mifepristone medical abortion regimen. Obstet Gynecol. Feb 2005;105(2):345-351.
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