Copper IUD, inserted after coitus averts pregnancy and provides continuing contraceptive protection. Int Fam Plann Dig. Sep 1975;1(3):11-12.
Link to PubMed

IUD most effective post-coital contraception. Contracept Technol Update. Jun 1995;16(6):78-80.
Link to PubMed

Long-term reversible contraception. Twelve years of experience with the TCu380A and TCu220C. Contraception. Dec 1997;56(6):341-352.
Link to PubMed

Andersson K, Odlind V, Rybo G. Levonorgestrel-releasing and copper-releasing (Nova T) IUDs during five years of use: a randomized comparative trial. Contraception. Jan 1994;49(1):56-72.
Link to PubMed

Arancibia V, Pena C, Allen HE, Lagos G. Characterization of copper in uterine fluids of patients who use the copper T-380A intrauterine device. Clin Chim Acta. Jun 2003;332(1-2):69-78.
Link to PubMed

Arias RD. Compelling reasons for recommending IUDs to any woman of reproductive age. Int J Fertil Womens Med. Mar-Apr 2002;47(2):87-95.
Link to PubMed

Avecilla-Palau A, Moreno V. Uterine factors and risk of pregnancy in IUD users: a nested case-control study. Contraception. Mar 2003;67(3):235-239.
Link to PubMed

Bahamondes L, Del Castillo S, Tabares G, Arce XE, Perrotti M, Petta C. Comparison of weight increase in users of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and copper IUD up to 5 years. Contraception. Oct 2001;64(4):223-225.
Link to PubMed

Bahamondes L, Diaz J, Marchi NM, Petta CA, Cristofoletti ML, Gomez G. Performance of copper intrauterine devices when inserted after an expulsion. Hum Reprod. Nov 1995;10(11):2917-2918.
Link to PubMed

Batar I, Kuukankorpi A, Siljander M, Elomaa K, Rauramo I. Five-year clinical experiences with NOVA T 380 copper IUD. Contraception. Nov 2002;66(5):309-314.
Link to PubMed

Beerthuizen RJ. Pelvic inflammatory disease in intrauterine device users. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. Sep 1996;1(3):237-243.
Link to PubMed

Bilian X. Intrauterine devices. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. Apr 2002;16(2):155-168.
Link to PubMed

Canavan TP. Appropriate use of the intrauterine device. Am Fam Physician. Dec 1998;58(9):2077-2084, 2087-2078.
Link to Full Text

Cheng L, Gulmezoglu AM, Oel CJ, Piaggio G, Ezcurra E, Look PF. Interventions for emergency contraception. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004(3):CD001324.
Link to PubMed

Chi IC. An evaluation of the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD: its advantages and disadvantages when compared to the copper-releasing IUDs. Contraception. Dec 1991;44(6):573-588.
Link to PubMed

Chiou CF, Trussell J, Reyes E, et al. Economic analysis of contraceptives for women. Contraception. Jul 2003;68(1):3-10.
Link to PubMed

Doll H, Vessey M, Painter R. Return of fertility in nulliparous women after discontinuation of the intrauterine device: comparison with women discontinuing other methods of contraception. Bjog. Mar 2001;108(3):304-314.
Link to PubMed

El-Tagy A, Sakr E, Sokal DC, Issa AH. Safety and acceptability of post-abortal IUD insertion and the importance of counseling. Contraception. 2003;67(3):229-234.
Link to PubMed

Ercal T, Cinar O, Mumcu A, Lacin S, Ozer E. Ovarian pregnancy; relationship to an intrauterine device. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. Aug 1997;37(3):362-364.
Link to PubMed

Farley TM, Rosenberg MJ, Rowe PJ, Chen JH, Meirik O. Intrauterine devices and pelvic inflammatory disease: an international perspective. Lancet. Mar 28 1992;339(8796):785-788.
Link to PubMed

Feldblum PJ, Caraway J, Bahamondes L, et al. Randomized assignment to copper IUD or depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate: feasibility of enrollment, continuation and disease ascertainment. Contraception. Sep 2005;72(3):187-191.
Link to PubMed

French RS, Cowan FM, Mansour D, et al. Levonorgestrel-releasing (20 microgram/day) intrauterine systems (Mirena) compared with other methods of reversible contraceptives. Bjog. Oct 2000;107(10):1218-1225.
Link to PubMed

Forrest JD. U.S. women's perceptions of and attitudes about the IUD. Obstet Gynecol Surv. Dec 1996;51(12 Suppl):S30-34.
Link to PubMed

Fortney JA, Feldblum PJ, Raymond EG. Intrauterine devices. The optimal long-term contraceptive method? J Reprod Med. Mar 1999;44(3):269-274.
Link to PubMed

Ganacharya S, Bhattoa HP, Batar I. Ectopic pregnancy among non-medicated and copper-containing intrauterine device users: a 10-year follow-up. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. Nov 10 2003;111(1):78-82.
Link to PubMed

Gocmen A, Demirpolat N, Aysin H. The efficacy of immediate post-abortion intrauterine device insertion. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2002;29(4):274-276.
Link to PubMed

Goldstuck ND. A critical ('stress') evaluation of the combined ML Copper 250-short IUD in nulliparous women. Contracept Deliv Syst. Oct 1981;2(4):287-293.
Link to PubMed

Grimes DA. In Hatcher R, Zieman M, Cwiak C, Darney P, Creinin M, Stotsur H. Managing Contraception. Tiger, GA: Bridging the Gap Foundation; 2005.
Link to Online Version

Grimes D, Schulz K, Stanwood N. Immediate postabortal insertion of intrauterine devices. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004(4):CD001777.
Link to PubMed

Grimes D, Schulz K, Van Vliet H, Stanwood N. Immediate post-partum insertion of intrauterine devices. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003(1):CD003036.
Link to PubMed

Grimes DA. Intrauterine device and upper-genital-tract infection. Lancet. Sep 16 2000;356(9234):1013-1019.
Link to PubMed

Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Antibiotic prophylaxis for intrauterine contraceptive device insertion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001(2):CD001327.
Link to PubMed

Hassan DF, Petta CA, Aldrighi JM, Bahamondes L, Perrotti M. Weight variation in a cohort of women using copper IUD for contraception. Contraception. Jul 2003;68(1):27-30.
Link to PubMed

Hubacher D, Lara-Ricalde R, Taylor DJ, Guerra-Infante F, Guzman-Rodriguez R. Use of copper intrauterine devices and the risk of tubal infertility among nulligravid women. N Engl J Med. Aug 23 2001;345(8):561-567.
Link to PubMed

Johnson BA. Insertion and removal of intrauterine devices. Am Fam Physician. Jan 1 2005;71(1):95-102.
Link to PubMed

Kaunitz AM. Long-acting contraceptive options. Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud. Mar-Apr 1996;41(2):69-76.
Link to PubMed

Kimble-Haas SL. The intrauterine device: dispelling the myths. Nurse Pract. Nov 1998;23(11):58, 63-59, 73.
Link to PubMed

Lesnewski R, Prine L, Gold M., Safety Of And Contraindications For Use Of Intrauterine Devices, Am Fam Physician. 2005 Oct 15;72(8):1450. PMID: 16273814
Link to PubMed

Nelson AL. The intrauterine contraceptive device. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. Dec 2000;27(4):723-740.
Link to PubMed

Nilsson CG, Luukkainen T, Diaz J, Allonen H. Clinical performance of a new levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device. A randomized comparison with a nova-T-copper device. Contraception. Apr 1982;25(4):345-356.
Link to PubMed

O'Brien PA, Marfleet C. Frameless versus classical intrauterine device for contraception. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005(1):CD003282.
Link to PubMed

Pakarinen P, Toivonen J, Luukkainen T. Randomized comparison of levonorgestrel- and copper-releasing intrauterine systems immediately after abortion, with 5 years' follow-up. Contraception. Jul 2003;68(1):31-34.
Link to PubMed

Penney G, Brechin S, Allerton L. FFPRHC Guidance (July 2005): The use of contraception outside the terms of the product licence. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. Jul 2005;31(3):225-241; quiz 242.
Link to PubMed

Penney G, Brechin S, de Souza A, et al. FFPRHC Guidance (January 2004). The copper intrauterine device as long-term contraception. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. Jan 2004;30(1):29-41; quiz 42.
Link to PubMed

Rodrigues da Cunha AC, Dorea JG, Cantuaria AA. Intrauterine device and maternal copper metabolism during lactation. Contraception. Jan 2001;63(1):37-39.
Link to PubMed

Ronnerdag M, Odlind V. Health effects of long-term use of the intrauterine levonorgestrel-releasing system. A follow-up study over 12 years of continuous use. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. Sep 1999;78(8):716-721.
Link to PubMed

Ros A, Piemonte G, Rugiati S. Copper IUD emission and its effects on human cervical mucus: spermatozoa interaction. Contracept Deliv Syst. Apr 1980;1(2):113-118.
Link to PubMed

Sahmay S, Kaleli S, Oral E, et al. Effect of different types of intrauterine devices on intrauterine activity. Int J Fertil Womens Med. May-Jun 1999;44(3):150-155.
Link to PubMed

Sarma SP, Garafalo K, Graves WL. Use of the intrauterine device by inner-city women. Arch Fam Med. Mar-Apr 1998;7(2):130-133.
Link to PDF

Shelton JD. Risk of clinical pelvic inflammatory disease attributable to an intrauterine device. Lancet. Feb 10 2001;357(9254):443.
Link to PubMed

Sivin I, Diaz S, Croxatto HB, et al. Contraceptives for lactating women: a comparative trial of a progesterone-releasing vaginal ring and the copper T 380A IUD. Contraception. Apr 1997;55(4):225-232.
Link to PubMed

Sivin I, Stern J, Coutinho E, et al. Prolonged intrauterine contraception: a seven-year randomized study of the levonorgestrel 20 mcg/day (LNg 20) and the Copper T380 Ag IUDS. Contraception. Nov 1991;44(5):473-480.
Link to PubMed

Stanback J, Grimes D. Can intrauterine device removals for bleeding or pain be predicted at a one-month follow-up visit? A multivariate analysis. Contraception. Dec 1998;58(6):357-360.
Link to PubMed

Stanford JB, Mikolajczyk RT. Mechanisms of action of intrauterine devices: update and estimation of postfertilization effects. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Dec 2002;187(6):1699-1708.
Link to PubMed

Suvisaari J, Lahteenmaki P. Detailed analysis of menstrual bleeding patterns after postmenstrual and postabortal insertion of a copper IUD or a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Contraception. Oct 1996;54(4):201-208.
Link to PubMed

Tatum HJ, Beltran RS, Ramos R, Van Kets H, Sivin I, Schmidt FH. Immediate postplacental insertion of GYNE-T 380 and GYNE-T 380 postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices: randomized study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Nov 1996;175(5):1231-1235.
Link to PubMed

Thonneau P, Goulard H, Goyaux N. Risk factors for intrauterine device failure: a review. Contraception. Jul 2001;64(1):33-37.
Link to PubMed

Trussell J, Koenig J, Ellertson C, Stewart F. Preventing unintended pregnancy: the cost-effectiveness of three methods of emergency contraception. Am J Public Health. Jun 1997;87(6):932-937.
Link to PubMed

Veldhuis HM, Vos AG, Lagro-Janssen AL. Complications of the intrauterine device in nulliparous and parous women. Eur J Gen Pract. Sep 2004;10(3):82-87.
Link to PubMed

Walsh T, Grimes D, Frezieres R, et al. Randomised controlled trial of prophylactic antibiotics before insertion of intrauterine devices. IUD Study Group. Lancet. Apr 4 1998;351(9108):1005-1008.
Link to PubMed

Welkovic S, Costa LO, Faundes A, de Alencar Ximenes R, Costa CF. Post-partum bleeding and infection after post-placental IUD insertion. Contraception. Mar 2001;63(3):155-158.
Link to PubMed

Zhang J. Factors associated with copper T IUD removal for bleeding/pain: a multivariate analysis. Contraception. Jul 1993;48(1):13-21.
Link to PubMed

Zhang J, Feldblum PJ, Chi IC, Farr MG. Risk factors for copper T IUD expulsion: an epidemiologic analysis. Contraception. Nov 1992;46(5):427-433.
Link to PubMed

 

DOWNLOAD THIS PAGE IN ENGLISH: WORD DOCUMENT